Miércoles, 04 Noviembre 2015 15:01

¿Hacemos un Cheat Meal o comida trampa?

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Antes que nada vamos a aclarar conceptos, ya que quizá haya gente que no sepa lo que son estos términos. Cheatmeal, refeed o comida trampa no es más que la comida libre dentro de una dieta hipocalórica pautada, muy utilizada en deportistas.

Estas comidas trampa dentro de las dietas, son un gran aliado, tanto a nivel mental, aportando un “descanso” y un alivio puesto que según el tipo de dieta puede llegar a afectar a nivel anímico a la persona, y a nivel físico, aportando un gran beneficio para seguir con la dieta, ya que a nivel hormonal se favorecen los niveles altos de Leptina, que es la hormona asociada al gasto metabólico, la cual cuando perdemos peso desciende.

Ésta es una de las hormonas más importantes en la pérdida de peso porque porqué le indica al cuerpo 2 cosas:

Cuanta comida hemos comido.

Cuanta grasa corporal tenemos.

Se libera en nuestro tejido adiposo (michelines) y en menor medida en el músculo.

Cuando nuestro tejido adiposo libera leptina, manda una señal al cerebro para reducir el hambre, de esta forma se reduce el consumo de alimentos y la reducción de kcal en la dieta, con ello perdemos peso y se vuelve al estado de “alerta”.

Al comer carbohidratos, llega a nivel cerebral la señal de la leptina, el cerebro aumenta la activación simpática y nuestro metabolismo aumenta.

Las personas que más leptina tienen son las obesas. Si la leptina me ayuda a reducir la cantidad de alimentos que consumo, y aumenta mi metabolismo,

¿cómo es que las personas obesas tienen los niveles de leptina altos?

Porque las personas obesas tienen resistencia a la leptina, es decir, liberan grandes cantidades de leptina, pero su cerebro no es capaz de traducir ese mensaje, por lo que tienen sensación de hambre continua.

¿CÓMO PODEMOS FAVORECER NIVELES ALTOS DE LEPTINA?

Aumentando la grasa corporal.

REFEEDS, comida trampa o cheatmeal (días altos en carbohidratos)

Factores a tener en cuenta para hacer UN CHEAT MEAL.

Nivel de actividad diaria: No es lo mismo una persona sedentaria, que una persona activa.

% de grasa: A menor % de grasa, mayor frecuencia de comida trampa, porque cada vez la pérdida de grasa es mayor (por debajo del 10% de grasa). En obesos al contrario, favorece cualquier estímulo.

Tipo de dieta: Si día a día se consumen carbohidratos no es necesario un REFEED (lo mejor sería ciclar días altos en carbohidratos, con día altos en grasas)

Déficit calórico: Si es muy bajo, no tiene sentido meter el cheatmeal. Éste viene sobre todo para los que disminuyen los niveles de leptina considerablemente. A más recorte de kcal + reducción de los niveles de leptina y más ventaja a nivel de REFEED.

¿CUÁL ES LA IMPORTANCIA DEL REFEED?

Aumento de los depósitos de glucógeno: aumenta el rendimiento y favorece la masa corporal.

Niveles más altos de leptina: Los carbohidratos son el macronutriente por excelencia a la hora de elevar leptina.

Niveles más altos de la hormona T3: Al consumir carbohidratos en comida trampa.

¿QUÉ OCURRE CUANDO AUMENTAMOS LEPTINA E INSULINA?

Cuando hacemos un REFEED elevamos la leptina y reducimos nuestra sensación de hambre y en días posteriores al cheatmeal mejoramos la adherencia a la dieta.

La insulina activa hace que reduzcamos nuestra ingesta calórica y aumentemos nuestro gasto calórico.

MITO: Si consumo carbohidratos en exceso se convierten en grasa.

Ponemos como ejemplo que se ingieren en la dieta 750gr de carbohidratos, de los cuales sólo se sintetizan 21gr como grasa.

Hay que tener en cuenta que 750gr de carbohidratos son muchos, ya que lo normal es un consumo de 300-400gr, asique haciendo un consumo normal de carbohidratos aún se sintetizarían menos de 21gr de grasa.

Así bien, de 750gr se gastaría un 20% el comerlos, por lo que sólo estaría disponible un 80% de lo que consumimos, que en este caso se quedaría en 600gr de glucosa disponible para poder almacenarla, pero también se gastaría un 7% en la conversión para pasar de glucosa a glucógeno, por lo que nos quedaría 558gr de glucógeno disponible para almacenar, pero de éstos, 500gr se van como reserva para el hígado y para el músculo, quedándonos tan sólo 58gr de glucógeno sobrante, que sería la grasa para almacenar (Michelin), pero también para poder almacenarla en forma de triglicéridos se consume un 18%, quedándonos finalmente 21g de grasa de los 750gr de carbohidratos ingeridos inicialmente.

¿EL CHEAT MEAL TIENE QUE TENER LAS MISMAS KCAL QUE LA DIETA O SE PUEDE EXCEDER?

En las dietas isocalóricas (dietas que ingerimos las kcal que necesitamos) producen una síntesis de grasa de 4%.

En las dietas hipercalóricos altas en carbohidratos, la síntesis de ácidos grasos es mayor un 13%.

Tras un REFEED se sube de peso, pero no se aumenta el índice de grasa, ¿cómo es posible?

Reteniendo líquido, porque cada gramo de glucógeno puede almacenar entre 3-4gr de agua, por lo tanto si se ingiere 500gr de carbohidratos à 1 kg ½ ó 2 kg se subirá de peso debido a la retención de agua celular. Por lo tanto la grasa no varía, varía el índice de grasa celular, el músculo aumenta su tamaño.

PAUTAS PARA HACER UNA CAMIDA TRAMPA

Grupo A: 15% grasa en hombres y 18% en mujeres.

Grupo B: 15-20% grasa en hombres y 18-25% mujeres.

Grupo C: +20% de grasa en hombres y 25% mujeres.

Cuanto más bajo es el % de grasa, mayor es la frecuencia de COMIDA TRAMPA

Grupo A: 1-2 REFEED / semana à 4-9gr de CH/Kg

Grupo B: 1 REFEED / 10 días à 3-7gr de CH/Kg

Grupo C: 1 REFEED / 15 días à 3-7gr de CH/kg

No olvidemos que todo ello es con el objetivo de evitar la caída de la leptina, como hablamos al inicio del post.

A LA HORA DE HACER UN REFEED, HAY QUE TENER EN CUENTA:

Asegurar la cantidad de fibra (0,5g fibra / kg)

Beber abundante agua (carga celular), así nuestro cuerpo degrada más grasa y mantiene la proteína muscular.

Proteína 1,8g/kg (día REFEED).

Normo con posibilidad de hipercalórica (+100-200 kcal REFEED).

Separación de al menos 48-72h entre REFEEDs, a nivel de rendimiento viene bien.

Días de entrenamiento (preferiblemente post-entreno) nuestros músculos están más sensibles a la glucosa. Nos interesa captar la glucosa en el músculo.

Esperemos que os guste el artículo, lo pongáis en práctica y lo compartáis.


Visto 45344 veces Modificado por última vez en Lunes, 15 Febrero 2016 15:14

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